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Oluwamuyiwa Akinmejiwa explains how data sovereignty laws are reshaping digital infrastructure choices for West African banks

Internet

According to Oluwamuyiwa Akinmejiwa, end user business leader at Schneider Electric, West African banks are entering a pivotal phase in their digital transformation as stricter data sovereignty laws reshape how financial institutions manage and store sensitive data

Banks across the region are now faced with a critical infrastructure decision: whether to rely on cloud services, colocation facilities, or maintain traditional on-premises systems. As digital services expand, regulatory compliance, security and operational resilience are becoming central to technology strategies.

In countries such as Nigeria and Ghana, legislation including the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 and the Ghana Data Protection Act 2012 requires banks to ensure that sensitive financial data remains within national borders. These regulations have elevated data protection and compliance from operational considerations to strategic priorities for financial institutions.

As banks modernise their digital infrastructure, hyperscale cloud providers and artificial intelligence (AI) data centres often face challenges in meeting these strict regulatory expectations. Many large cloud platforms operate data centres outside the region or within frameworks that do not fully align with local compliance requirements, making adoption difficult for highly regulated banking environments.

Although cloud platforms offer flexibility and scalability, many banks in the region still favour on-premises systems or locally based colocation facilities. These options help institutions maintain stronger control over data residency and regulatory compliance.

However, both approaches come with limitations. On-premises infrastructure offers maximum control over systems and security policies, while colocation improves physical protection and operational reliability. At the same time, neither option removes the responsibility banks have for securing and managing their own data.

As data volumes grow and AI workloads become more demanding, banks must carefully manage these environments to ensure both performance and security.

Need for balance

For many institutions, the most practical solution lies in a hybrid approach. West African banks increasingly need a balanced mix of on-premises infrastructure, colocation facilities and compliant local cloud services, with each option chosen according to the sensitivity of the data and the regulatory framework governing it.

Hyperscale cloud providers and AI data centres often struggle to meet the compliance requirements of West African banks. In many cases they lack local data residency capabilities, depend on limited regional infrastructure or operate within fragmented regulatory environments.

Even with their advanced technology and global reach, many international providers have yet to deliver solutions that fully align with the expectations of regulators such as the Central Bank of Nigeria.

Data sovereignty, however, is only one aspect of the broader infrastructure challenge. Banks must also consider operational efficiency, cybersecurity risks, integration with legacy systems and the potential dependence on external vendors.

In reality, data sovereignty represents only a portion of the wider regulatory and technological landscape banks must navigate as they modernise their digital infrastructure.

Deciding factors

Local infrastructure capacity often becomes the determining factor in whether banks adopt cloud platforms or continue operating on-premises systems. Reliable electricity supply, high-quality internet connectivity and the availability of secure data-centre facilities all influence these decisions.

Even though cloud platforms provide scalability and efficiency, several large institutions, including Guaranty Trust Bank, FirstBank and Ecobank, still maintain critical systems locally. Hosting these systems on-premises helps ensure compliance with data sovereignty rules while maintaining security oversight and minimising latency for essential services.

In regions where infrastructure remains inconsistent, cloud adoption can become even more challenging. Unstable electricity or unreliable connectivity may push banks to rely on on-premises systems for mission-critical operations such as payments processing and financial trading platforms, despite the higher operational costs.

Data sovereignty and innovation

At the same time, major banks operating across Nigeria, Ghana and the wider West African region continue to pursue innovation. Many institutions are adopting a trust-by-design approach, embedding strong data-protection principles into every digital initiative.

This approach allows banks to deliver modern, customer-focused digital services while maintaining strict data-privacy standards.

By combining trust-by-design strategies, customer-centric digital services, collaboration with fintech partners and close alignment with regulators, West African banks can continue to innovate while protecting sensitive data and maintaining customer confidence.

Governments across the region have also become increasingly protective of strategic data assets. Sensitive financial or identity data stored outside national borders could expose countries to geopolitical risks, cybersecurity threats or other forms of digital vulnerability.

For this reason, regulators are strengthening data-sovereignty and data-residency requirements to ensure that critical information remains within domestic jurisdictions.

The growing investment by global infrastructure companies such as Equinix and Digital Realty in regional data-centre facilities reflects this shift, highlighting rising demand for secure, locally hosted digital infrastructure across West Africa’s evolving financial sector.

Technological innovation remains fundamental to AMN’s approach

Mobile

SES and Africa Mobile Network (AMN) have significantly strengthened digital infrastructure in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), extending support to more than 1,100 base stations and expanding population coverage by 27%

This growth is bringing mobile services within reach of millions more people, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

The expansion reflects strong demand for reliable connectivity as efforts to bring rural DRC online accelerate. For SES and AMN, the figures represent more than statistical progress. They mark the first-time access to mobile services for millions of individuals.

As part of the collaboration, AMN deployed 292 additional mobile base stations nationwide using satellite capacity from SES. These installations are delivering essential telecommunications services to over 5.8 million people.

Remarkably, the new sites were rolled out in just 90 days, though the statistics alone do not fully capture the scale of the accomplishment.

“Building nearly 300 sites in just three months, under some of the toughest conditions imaginable, is an extraordinary achievement,” said Michael Darcy, CEO of Africa Mobile Network. “This is what happens when determination meets purpose. This is exactly why AMN exists: to connect even the most remote communities sustainably, reliably, and at scale.”

At the core of AMN’s vision is the conviction that connectivity should be universally accessible.

Deployment teams often worked in extremely challenging environments, navigating impassable routes and manually transporting equipment across long distances when vehicles could go no further. Despite harsh and exhausting conditions, the teams succeeded in delivering mobile services to an additional 1.3 million people across remote communities in the DRC.

AMN maintains that it can deliver mobile connectivity to any community of more than 1,000 residents worldwide. Its partnership with SES is central to achieving this ambition. With fully solar-powered sites and VSAT backhaul, installations can operate independently of grid power and existing telecom infrastructure, enabling deployment even in the most isolated regions.

However, this autonomy comes with logistical complexities. Installation crews frequently travel to areas with no fibre access, electricity, or prior mobile coverage. In many cases, AMN engineers are the first to physically open access routes into disconnected regions while simultaneously working to eliminate digital isolation.

Technological innovation remains fundamental to AMN’s approach. The company developed the AMN Radio Node (ARN), a multi-technology platform allowing several carriers to operate from a single unit. The solution supports 2G, 3G, 4G and future 5G technologies without requiring additional capital investment or increased power usage. By designing and manufacturing the ARN internally, AMN has achieved high performance and energy efficiency while lowering deployment costs.

“Connecting to SES’ multi-orbit satellite network offers a multi-orbit constellation (GEO, MEO AND LEO) providing data connectivity services to over 1 billion people worldwide. This includes some of the most remote, unreachable parts of the globe. It is encouraging and inspiring to see how digital transformation profoundly reshaped daily life across the DRC has,” said Jean-Philippe Gillet, President of Fixed Data at SES.

Local communities are already experiencing tangible improvements.

“Before the installation, we had to travel across difficult terrain for about 30 km to seek medical help, make a call or to complete a simple bank transaction. Today thanks to AMN this has been replaced with a clear connection, providing our community with crystal clear connectivity and the ability to seamlessly manage our finances from the palm of our hand,” explained a local resident in Bompensole, a village connected in November 2025.

Reliable connectivity is also driving socio-economic transformation. Entrepreneurs can now access real-time market information and expand their businesses. Students are using digital tools to enhance learning outcomes, while healthcare providers can consult external specialists remotely, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care across rural communities.

 
 

Airtel Africa and Eutelsat OneWeb have achieved a milestone by successfully testing high-speed satellite internet on a moving train across sub-Saharan Africa

Satellite

In a major milestone for Africa’s digital and transport sectors, Airtel Africa has successfully tested satellite-powered internet on a moving train, marking a first for Sub-Saharan Africa

The trial demonstrated how uninterrupted, high-speed connectivity can be maintained over a 669 km railway route through dense forests and remote landscapes where fibre networks and cell towers are unavailable.

For years, railways have been a backbone of trade and travel across Africa, carrying millions of tonnes of goods and countless passengers. Yet, much of this vast network has remained disconnected from the digital world. Airtel’s latest achievement is set to change that reality.

Powered by Airtel Satellite for Business and Eutelsat OneWeb’s low-earth orbit satellite network, the test provided a stable connection throughout most of the journey, even through challenging terrain. Download speeds reached up to 100 Mbps, while uploads averaged 20 Mbps, meeting all the performance targets for the trial.

Connectivity remained smooth and consistent along nearly the entire route, with low latency and minimal interruptions, confirming the technology’s potential for real-world deployment.

This breakthrough opens the door to a new era in African railway connectivity. For operators, constant internet access enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and improved safety. For passengers, it promises reliable Wi-Fi, digital ticketing, real-time travel information, and onboard entertainment, transforming the travel experience.

Following this successful trial, Airtel and Eutelsat OneWeb plan to expand Airtel Satellite for Business services across Nigeria, Zambia, Gabon, Madagascar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, extending high-speed internet access to some of the continent’s most remote areas.

From mining operations and oil fields to moving trains, this accomplishment demonstrates how satellite connectivity is redefining the limits of Africa’s digital landscape, bringing reliable internet to places where traditional infrastructure cannot reach.

African telecoms and financial companies join global leaders on WorkL’s 2026 World’s Happiest Workplaces list.

Commerce

Several African telecommunications and financial services companies have earned global recognition after being named among the World’s Happiest Workplaces 2026, published by employee experience platform WorkL

According to a recently released report by WorkL, the rankings draw on anonymous feedback from over one million employees across more than 120,000 organisations worldwide. Companies that score 70 or above in WorkL's 'Happy at Work Test' qualify for inclusion.

Africa’s telecommunications sector was particularly well represented, with Kenya’s Safaricom featuring alongside major global operators. South Africa also emerged strongly, with MTN Group, MTN South Africa and Vodacom South Africa all included in the telecommunications and publishing category. Beyond telecoms, Standard Bank was recognised in the financial services category, reinforcing South Africa’s reputation for workplace cultures that prioritise employee wellbeing, engagement and purpose.

Their inclusion places African companies alongside global industry leaders such as AT&T, Telefónica, Tata Communications, Disney and ING Bank, underlining the continent’s ability to compete on workplace satisfaction as well as commercial performance.

Measuring workplace happiness

WorkL’s World’s Happiest Workplaces rankings are based on its Happy at Work Test, a free and anonymous survey that takes employees less than ten minutes to complete. The assessment measures six areas that influence workplace happiness: wellbeing, job satisfaction, reward and recognition, information sharing, empowerment and instilling pride. The final list can be filtered by country, industry and category.

According to WorkL, organisations recognised on the list typically report higher productivity, lower staff turnover and reduced absenteeism.

Commenting on the 2026 results, WorkL founder Lord Mark Price said, "I’m delighted to publish the World’s Happiest Workplaces 2026 List today. Organisations who are recognised report higher productivity, lower staff turnover and lower sick leave as a result of employees being happier."

"Our research shows that nearly 50% of people are unhappy, anxious or depressed at work. It’s our mission to make the world’s workplaces happier, and it starts with acknowledging the ones who are doing a good job."

Mozambique’s energy sector to receive a boost from the African Development Bank following the institution’s participation in Maputo at the Africa50 summit

Power

Mozambique’s energy sector is to receive a boost from the African Development Bank (AfDB) following the institution’s participation in Maputo at the Africa50 shareholders meeting

Africa50 is an investment platform established by African governments with the AfDB, which has now surpassed US$1.4bn in managed assets directed at infrastructure provision.

At the 2025 summit, a memorandum of understanding was signed with Electricidade de Mozambique (EDM) for the development of three transmission lines under an Independent Power Transmission (IPT) framework.

“This will help support the government’s ambition to achieve universal electricity access by 2030 and become a significant exporter of power across the Southern African Development Community,” a statement released by AfDB noted.

Finalisation of the project development agreements is now underway for three lines under an IPT framework, partnering with Power Grid and EDM, it added.

A separate MoU was also signed with the Ministry of Communications and Digital Transformation to build a new data centre facility in Maputo and to modernise the existing one.

Africa50’s Mozambique portfolio already includes equity investment in the 175MW Central Termica de Ressano Garcia (CTRG) gas-fired power plant.

According to Dr Akinwumi Adesina, president of the AfDB Group, investments by Africa50 complement broader support from the bank itself that have delivered some US$1.6bn to Mozambique over the past decade.

This investment includes US$400mn in senior debt financing for the country's flagship US$20bn liquified natural gas (LNG) project in Cabo Delgado, as well as the US$34mn Mozambique Energy for All Project, which has connected more than 45,500 households to electricity.

The bank claims its energy sector investments have helped to double Mozambique's national energy access rate from 30% in 2018 to 60% in 2024.

The AfDB has also supported agricultural transformation through special agro-industrial processing zones, including the Pemba-Lichinga corridor, while financing critical transport infrastructure along the Nacala and Beira corridors that enhance regional trade connectivity for the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Earlier this year, the AfDB approved US$43.6mn in funding for the construction of the Namaacha-Boane transmission line and related electricity infrastructure

EDM will implement the project in partnership with Central Eléctrica da Namaacha (CEN), a private sector-led development group involving Globeleq Africa Limited and Source Energia that is building the 120 MW Namaacha wind farm in the southwestern part of the country. 

ASM strategies to protect digital assets

Security

Attack surface management (ASM) has seen significant growth in recent years, evolving into a recognised market category that provides businesses with the visibility and strategies needed to safeguard their digital assets, reports Kyle Pillay, security as a service manager at Datacentrix

As Forrester’s Attack Surface Management Solutions Landscape, Q2 2024 notes, ASM “delivers insights on assets that ultimately support business objectives, keep the lights on, generate revenue, and delight customers.”

At its essence, ASM involves continuously discovering, identifying, inventorying, and assessing the exposures of an organisation’s IT asset estate, a foundational step in maintaining a strong security posture.

Knowing your environment

Fundamentally, ASM helps organisations ‘know your environment’, highlighting gaps in defenses before attackers can exploit them.

Every threat actor or hacker begins with reconnaissance, mapping out your external-facing assets. This is why External Attack Surface Management (EASM) exists: it concentrates on what attackers can see. Without viewing your environment through this external lens, organisations cannot know which access points are visible or exploitable, leaving them unable to proactively detect or prevent threats before incidents occur.

First steps in protecting your attack surface

The first step in ASM is identifying external-facing touchpoints such as public IPs and domains. For instance, you might recognise your primary domain (e.g., mydomain.co.za), but visibility into similar domains, like mydomain.com, mydomain.net, mydomain.tech, or mydomain.ac.za, is also crucial. These can be targeted for domain squatting or cybersquatting, where attackers exploit similar names to mislead users and enable phishing attacks.

A strong ASM solution not only maps your current footprint but also identifies domains worth securing before malicious actors register them.

If a deceptive domain is registered, like mydomain-tech.co.za, you need an effective takedown process. International domain takedowns can be complex, requiring a partner capable of legally liaising with registrars across jurisdictions. With the right procedures and partnerships, such domains can often be removed within four to eight hours, limiting potential damage.

Keeping pace with today’s infrastructure

One of ASM’s biggest challenges is keeping up with the rapid growth and sprawl of modern IT environments. While multiple tools exist, none fully match the speed of change, even as vendors iterate frequently, often in weekly development sprints, to maintain relevant detection capabilities.

Beyond speed, perspective matters. While an organisation may have visibility from one viewpoint, attackers do not limit themselves to a single angle. To defend effectively against modern threats, you need to view your environment as attackers do and understand vulnerabilities exploitable from within. This is where distinguishing between external and internal ASM becomes crucial.

External ASM (EASM) focuses on publicly exposed digital assets, whereas internal ASM addresses vulnerabilities inside the network. Internal ASM uses network exposure activity tools to simulate real-world attack techniques, often following frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK, to identify weaknesses from the inside. These simulations test whether known attack methods bypass security controls, whether sensitive data can be exfiltrated, whether passwords are weak or compromised, and if lateral movement within the network is possible.

Combining internal and external ASM provides a more accurate view of your security posture, allowing organisations to close gaps before exploitation.

Making the business case for ASM

Cost is often a concern with ASM investments, but when weighed against the reputational and financial impact of a breach, or the risk of sensitive data appearing on the dark web, the case for prevention is clear.

The reality is simple. Without a combination of internal and external ASM, organisations remain essentially blind to vulnerabilities. The ability to identify, monitor, and remediate gaps before adversaries exploit them has become a business imperative.